Electronics Manufacturing Technical Articles

Electronics Manufacturing Technical Articles

Papers and articles related to SMT, PCB & EMS industry.

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1789 SMT / PCB Assembly Related Technical Articles

Analysis of Circuit Boards and Electrical Connectors for RoHS/WEEE Regulated Elements Using XRF

Mar 21, 2022 | John E. Martin, Lea L. Anderson‐Smith, Gloria Adjei‐Bekoe

Manufacturers and suppliers of electronic and electrical products to member states within the EU must comply with RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) and WEEE (Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment) regulations. Six materials are restricted under these directives: lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), hexavalent chromium (Cr VI), polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE). Maximum allowable concentrations of these materials are 1000ppm, with the exception of cadmium, which is restricted to a maximum of 100ppm....

Publisher: SPEX SamplePrep

SPEX SamplePrep

For over 65 years SPEX® SamplePrep has been the leading sample preparation solutions provider to analytical scientists worldwide. Our range of high performance and easy to use mill, grinders, homogenizers, presses and fusion flux

Metuchen, New Jersey, USA

Research Institute / Laboratory / School

Non-Destructive Characterization of Mechanically Processed Waste Printed Circuit Boards: X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis

Mar 21, 2022 | Akira Otsuki, Pedro Pereira Gonçalves, Christian Stieghorst and Zsolt Révay

This work aimed to characterize the deportment/concentration and liberation/association of the metals and light elements within mechanically processed waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) that hold the complex and heterogeneous structure and distribution of different material components. Waste PCBs passed through a series of mechanical processing (i.e., comminution and sieving) for metal recovery and were then characterized without further destroying the particles in order to capture their heterogeneity. The characterizations were performed in a laboratory and large-scale neutron facility.

...

Publisher: Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Géologie

Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Géologie

The National School of Geology is the French Grande Ecole of reference in geosciences. Public school under the Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation, it trains in 3 years engineers-geologists, experts in ...

Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, Eritrea

Research Institute / Laboratory / School

Smart Determination of Gold Content in PCBs ofWaste Mobile Phones by Coupling of XRF and AAS Techniques

Mar 21, 2022 | Nicolò Maria Ippolito, Gianmaria Belardi, Valentina Innocenzi, Franco Medici , Loris Pietrelli and Luigi Piga

Quantitative determination of most economic valuable metals in waste is the first fundamental operation of evaluating the feasibility of recycling processes. Field-portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometers (FPXRFs) represent a more practical, efficient, and economic tool in determining the elemental composition of samples with respect to conventional analytical techniques, such as atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP). In this paper, quick and smart determination of gold content in printed circuit boards (PCBs) of waste mobile phones was studied. The aim of the research was to combine the practicality of FPXRFs with the reliability of quantitative spectrometry analysis and evaluate the error between the two techniques....

Publisher: University of L'Aquila

University of L'Aquila

The University of L'Aquila is a public research university located in L'Aquila, central Italy. It was founded in 1964 and is organized in nine departments. The university presents a scientific-technological character ...

L'Aquila, Hong Kong

Research Institute / Laboratory / School

XRF Technology In The Field - XRF Technology For Non-Scientists

Mar 21, 2022 | Thermo Fisher Scientific

X-ray fluorescence (XRF): a non-destructive analytical technique used to determine the chemical composition of materials XRF occurs when a fluorescent (or secondary) X-ray is emitted from a sample that is being excited by a primary X-ray source. Because this fluorescence is unique to the elemental composition of the sample, XRF is an excellent technology for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the material composition. XRF spectrometry has a broad range of applications in industry, which we will discuss later in this ebook....

Publisher: Thermo Fisher Scientific

Thermo Fisher Scientific

Thermo Fisher Scientific is an American provisioner of scientific instrumentation, reagents and consumables, and software and services to healthcare, life science, and other laboratories in academia, government, and industry.

Sunnyvale, California, USA

Other

Understanding Creep Corrosion Field Fails

Mar 16, 2022 | Phil Isaacs, Jing Zhang & Terry Munson

Dendrites, Electrochemical Migration (ECM) and parasitic leakage, are usually caused by process related contamination. For example, excess flux, poor handling, extraneous solder, fibers, to name a few. One does not normally relate these fails with environmental causes. However, creep corrosion is a mechanism by which electronic products fail in application, primarily related to sulfur pollution present in the air.1 The sulfur reacts with exposed silver, and to a lesser extent, exposed copper. This paper will explore various aspects of the creep corrosion chemical reaction...

Publisher: Foresite Inc.

Foresite Inc.

Foresite is a process consulting house and analytial laboratory dedicated to solving product reliability challenges for electronics manufacturers.

Kokomo, Indiana, USA

Consultant / Service Provider, Manufacturer

Creep Corrosion Of Electronic Assemblies In Harsh Environments

Mar 16, 2022 | Petri Savolainen and Randy Schueller

Creep corrosion occurs in electronics assemblies and it is reminiscent to electromigration but does not require electrical field to drive the reaction. Corrosive elements and moisture must be present for creep corrosion to occur. Sulfur is the most prominent element to cause creep corrosion in environments such as paper mills, rubber manufacturing, mining, cement manufacturing, waste water treatment etc., also including companies and locations nearby such industries. The main part of printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) to be affected is the PCB surface finish. Especially immersion silver is prone to creep corrosion, but it sometimes occurs in NiPd (lead frames), and to a lesser extent in ENIG and OSP surface finishes. As the use of immersion silver is increasing as PCB surface finish and electronics are more and more used in harsh environments, creep corrosion is a growing risk. In this paper we will present the driving forces and mechanisms as well as suitable tests and mitigation strategies against creep corrosion...

Publisher: DfR Solutions (acquired by ANSYS Inc)

DfR Solutions (acquired by ANSYS Inc)

DfR Solutions has world-renowned expertise in applying the science of Reliability Physics to electrical and electronics technologies, and is a leading provider of quality, reliability, and durability (QRD) research and consulting

College Park,

Consultant / Service Provider

Creep Corrosion On Lead-Free Printed Circuit Boards In High Sulfur Environments

Mar 16, 2022 | Randy Schueller

The material and process changes required to eliminate lead from electronics as required by Restriction of Hazardous Substance (RoHS) legislation was likely to result in new quality and reliability issues. The industry had over 50 years experience with tin-lead solders. Changing to different solder alloys, fluxes, termination plating materials, PCB surface finishes and soldering temperatures in a span of 1-2 years was a high risk undertaking. Although many potential issues were uncovered and resolved, one new failure mechanism was not foreseen by the industry. Immersion silver (ImAg) was widely adopted to replace hot air solder level (HASL) as the surface finish on PCBs. ImAg was known to tarnish when exposed to sulfur, but it was a surprise to find that it suffers extensive creep corrosion when the sulfur and humidity levels are high enough. Failures can occur in as little as a few weeks in industries such as rubber manufacturing, water treatment, paper mills or fertilizer production, among others. This paper uncovers the root cause of the creep corrosion mechanism and shows how to eliminate it. Corrosive environments were measured and the results of field testing of various surface finishes in these environments is shared. Also presented are some more effective corrosion test methods currently under development....

Publisher: Dell Inc

Dell Inc

Dell is an American company that develops, sells, repairs, and supports computers and related products and services, and is owned by its parent company of Dell Technologies.

Round Rock, Texas, USA

Manufacturer

A Wearable Medical Sensor for Provisional Healthcare

Mar 09, 2022 | Amir Javadpour and HamidrezaMemarzadeh-Tehran

This paper presents the design and realization of a context-aware wireless health monitoring system for recording the heartbeat (HR) and respiration (RR) rate based on an indirect measurement approach. The system consists of a contact-less medical sensor as well as a communication infrastructure for handling the transmission and reception of the measured results. The contact-less sensor includes a highly sensitive tri-axial accelerometer, an accurate temperature and air pressure sensor that enable one to inspect patients' health condition by continuously monitoring of two critical signs related to the cardiorespiratory system....

Publisher: University of Tehran

University of Tehran

The University of Tehran is the oldest modern university located in Tehran, Iran. Based on its historical, socio-cultural, and political pedigree, as well as its research and teaching profile, UT has been nicknamed "The Mother Uni

Tehran, Iran

Research Institute / Laboratory / School

Utilising Commercially Fabricated Printed Circuit Boards as an Electrochemical Biosensing Platform

Mar 09, 2022 | Uroš Zupancic, Joshua Rainbow , Pedro Estrela and Despina Moschou

Printed circuit boards (PCBs) offer a promising platform for the development of electronicsassisted biomedical diagnostic sensors and microsystems. The long-standing industrial basis offers distinctive advantages for cost-effective, reproducible, and easily integrated sample-in-answer-out diagnostic microsystems. Nonetheless, the commercial techniques used in the fabrication of PCBs produce various contaminants potentially degrading severely their stability and repeatability in electrochemical sensing applications. Herein, we analyse for the first time such critical technological considerations, allowing the exploitation of commercial PCB platforms as reliable electrochemical sensing platforms....

Publisher: University of Bath

University of Bath

The University of Bath is a public research university located in Bath, Somerset, United Kingdom. It received its royal charter in 1966, along with a number of other institutions following the Robbins Report.

Bath, United Kingdom

Research Institute / Laboratory / School

Evolution of Wearable Devices with Real-Time Disease Monitoring for Personalized Healthcare

Mar 09, 2022 | Kyeonghye Guk, Gaon Han, Jaewoo Lim, Keunwon Jeong, Taejoon Kang, Eun-Kyung Lim, and Juyeon Jung

Wearable devices are becoming widespread in a wide range of applications, from healthcare to biomedical monitoring systems, which enable continuous measurement of critical biomarkers for medical diagnostics, physiological health monitoring and evaluation. Especially as the elderly population grows globally, various chronic and acute diseases become increasingly important, and the medical industry is changing dramatically due to the need for point-of-care (POC) diagnosis and real-time monitoring of long-term health conditions....

Publisher: Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology

Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology

Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology is a government research institute in Daejeon, South Korea.

Daejeon, South Korea

Research Institute / Laboratory / School

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